NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 2 - Migration : Types, Causes and Consequences

Question 1:

Which one of the following is the main reason for male migration in India?

  1. Education
  2. Business
  3. Work and Employment
  4. Marriage
Answer:

(c) Work and Employment

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Question 2:

Which one of the following states receives maximum number of immigrants?

  1. Uttar Pradesh
  2. Delhi
  3. Maharashtra
  4. Bihar
Answer:

(a) Uttar Pradesh

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Question 3:

Which one of the following streams is dominated by male migrants in India?

  1. Rural-rural
  2. Urban-rural
  3. Rural-urban
  4. Urban-urban
Answer:

(c) Rural-urban

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Question 4:

Which one of the following urban agglomeration has the highest share in migrant population?

  1. Mumbai UA
  2. Delhi UA
  3. Bengaluru UA
  4. Chennai UA
Answer:

(a) Mumbai UA

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Question 5:

Differentiate between the life time migrants and migrants by last residence.

Answer:

Differentiate between the life time migrants and migrants by last residence.

  1. If the place of birth is different from the place of enumeration it is called the life time migrant.
  2. If the place of last residence is different from the place of enumeration it is known as migrant by place of last residence.
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Question 6:

Identify the main reason for male / female selective migration.

Answer:

Selective female migration is due to marriage. After marriage the girl is to live at another place away from her parents house. The selective male migration is due to economic factors. Males migrate to towns in search of work and employment.

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Question 7:

What is the impact of rural / urban migration on the age and sex structure of the place of origin and destination.

Answer:

Rural-urban migration causes imbalance in age-sex structure. At place of origin, sex ratio increases while the ratio of young age workers decreases. At place of destination, the sex ratio decreases and the ratio of young workers increases.

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Question 8:

Discuss the consequences of International Migration in India.

Answer:

A large number of people from India have been migrating to places of better opportunities to the countries of Middle East, Western Europe, America, Australia and East and South East Asia.
Consequnces of international migration.

  1. During the colonial period, the British sent people to Mauritius, West Indies, Fiji, South Africa, while French and Dutch and Portuguese sent people from Goa, Daman and Diu to Angola, etc., to work as labourers on estates of plantation farming.
  2. After this the professional, artisans traders migrated to Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei in search of economic opportunities.
  3. After 1960, software engineers, management consultants, financial experts and mediapersons migrated to U.S.A., Canada, U.K., Australia and Germany.
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Question 9:

What are the socio demographic consequences of migration?

Answer:
  1. Demographic Consequences. Migration causes imbalance in age sex structure :
    1. In urban towns, the sex ratio decreases and percentage of young workers increases.
    2. In rural areas, the sex ratio increases while ratio of skilled workers decreases.
  2. Social Consequences.
    1. The new ideas relating to new technology, family planning, girls’ education have spread to rural area from urban areas.
    2. Migration leads to intermixing of diverse cultures.
    3. Migration may motivate people to fall in the trap of anti-social activities like crime and drug abuse.
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