NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Chapter 5 - Popular Struggles and Movements

Answer:

Pressure groups are organised and unorganised groups who try to influence government policies to promote their interests. Although movements also try to influence politics but both of them do not take part in direct elections. They try to influence the politics in one way or the other. They affect politics through the following ways:

1. For the purpose of gaining public support, these pressure groups and movements campaign on any particular issue. They take the help of mass media to draw attention of the public.
2. They generally call for a strike, protest march (dharnas) to raise their voice and try to disrupt the governmental programmes. Most of the federation, unions take such steps for influencing governmental policies.
3. Generally business groups form a lobby of the people having common objectives in order to pressurise the government to change its policies.

Answer:

Generally, pressure groups are those groups of people who try to influence government policies. They aim at achieving their objectives by exerting pressure on the government. Generally the members of these groups are those people who share common interests, goals, aims, etc. They never try to contest the elections but try to indirectly control the government. The forms of relationships between pressure groups and political parties are given below:

1. In many cases pressure groups are formed or led by different political parties and act as their extended arms. For example, labour unions formed by different political parties.
2. Many a times movements give birth to political parties. If the struggle for achieving the set goal becomes too long then these pressure groups may take the form of a political party. For example, the roots of DMK and AIADMK can be seen from the rise of different movements.
3. On some occasions, the views and ideas of political parties and interest groups are opposite to each other. In such situations, they may stand against each other on a particular issue.

Answer:

Pressure groups and movements are necessary for the democracy. If everyone in the country gets equal opportunity, it is considered healthy for the society. Generally, government falls under pressure of these rich and influential people. Movements and public interest groups can play a useful role for reducing this undue control and can tell the government about the needs of the ordinary people from time-to-time. Even different sectional interest groups can play an important role in it. If any interest group tries to influence the government for achieving its aims, then another interest group can counter-attack the first group and create hurdles in the desires of the first group. From this, government can come to know about the needs of the people and can accommodate all of them with conflicting interests.

Answer:

Pressure groups are organised and unorganised groups which try to influence government policies for promoting its interests. They achieve their aims by exerting pressure on the government. Generally, the members of these groups are those people who share common interests. They never try to directly contest elections like political parties, but try to control the power with their influence. They do not aim directly to control the political power.

Examples: Narmada Bachao Andolan, Anti-Liquor Movement, Movement for Right to Information are some of the examples of pressure groups.

Answer:

A pressure group is an organised and unorganised group which tries to influence government policies to promote its interests. They achieve their aims by exerting pressure on the government. Generally, the members of these groups are those people who have some common interests. They try to control the power with their influence. Pressure groups never try to contest elections but try to indirectly control the power. A political party on the other hand, is an organised body which tries to attain political power of the country by contesting direct elections and win by ideology. Members of one political party have their common goals and common ideology.

Answer:

Interest

Answer:

(c) Pressure groups do not seek to get into power, while political parties do.

Answer:

1. (c), 2. (d), 3. (a), 4. ( b)

Answer:

1. (d), 2. (c), 3. (a), 4. ( b)

Answer:

(ii) A and B

Answer:

This example tells us that there were two pressure groups in Mewat who raised the demand for drawing attention towards the people. Another pressure group Mewat Vikas Sabha started a campaign for it. Hence, due to the campaigns of pressure groups, political parties were forced to support that movement so that they can get maximum votes in the coming elections. Due to their efforts, government made it a district which shows that government was unable to ignore the demand of pressure groups and political parties. Another example of this type is from the neighbouring state of Punjab where Kisan Unions had demanded free electricity and power. Both the main parties SAD (Shiromani Akali Dal) and INC (Indian National Congress) also agreed to that demand and promised to do the same if they came to power. It shows that pressure groups play an important role in changing or making policies of the government.

Answer:

No, a democratic country/democracy is based on public opinion and necessarily means giving acceptance to the demand of the mass. It does not necessarily means acceptance of their demands by the government. In a democratic country, only those movements and struggles succeed whose demands are judicious and based on the demand of public welfare.

Answer:

Hint: Watch any newspaper or read newspaper and make a list of the news related to activities of a pressure groups or movement groups and write it on a notebook. Collect these news under different heads and subhead and discuss it with your class teacher or subject teacher.