NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 8 - Globalisation

Answer:

(iv) Globalisation is a multi-dimensional phenomenon.

Answer:

(i) Globalisation has been uneven in its impact on states and societies.

Answer:

(iii) Globalisation originated in U.S.

Answer:

(iv) Globalisation is about worldwide interconnectedness.

Answer:

(iv) Critics of globalisation argue that it will result in cultural hemogenisation.

Answer:

Modern age is an age of interdependence. People and states are interdependents. People feel that they cannot live in isolation, rather they have to live as interconnected. People living in different parts of the world feel that they are not members of the different nations, but members of a World Community, it is globalisation. In simple words, worldwide interconnectedness means the flow or movement of ideas, capital, commodities and people from one part of the world to another. Its components are ideas, capital, commodities and people.

Answer:

Many factors are responsible for the growth of globalisation. However, technology is the major factor which has played a very important role in the development of globalisation.

1. Recently, revolution in communications and information technology has brought the states very close to each other and it has increased the interdependence of the states.
2. Advancement in technology has made it possible for the individuals to keep themselves fully informed of all events and happenings in the world.
3. Modern technology has made it possible for the people, capital, commodities, ideas, etc. to move from one place to another place, i.e. from one country to another country.
4. Due to advancement in technology, events taking place in one part of the world have impact over other parts of the world.

Answer:

In the late 20th century the revolution in the means of communication has changed the world into a ‘Global Village’ by lessening its distances. Martin Show has observed “Society has been globalised not because human beings thought or act globally but because in pursuit of other suit—power, communication— worldwide connectedness has developed.” Globalisation has affected the state activities of the developing countries. It has increased and decreased the role of the state activities in the developing countries.

(a) Increase in the Role of the State Activities. States are benefitted by globalisation. In fact, globalisation has increased the activities of the state.

1. In developing countries, state is still dominating because state is the premier and sole basis of political community.
2. Due to globalisation states are able to collect information about individuals.
3. State has full power to maintain law and order in the state. State is responsible for the security and safety of the state. Defence is the major responsibility of the state.
4. Competitive economy is very useful for developed and developing countries. The developed countries are trying to advance and strengthen their economy more and more and developing countries are trying to improve their performance, products and industries to compete with the industries of developed countries.

Decrease in the Role of State Activites. Globalisation has also decreased the activities of the state.

1. Globalisation has reduced the capacity of the state to perform welfare functions. Due to the growth of multi-national companies the functions of the government have been limited.
2. Globalisation has reduced the capacity of the state to perform welfare functions. Due to the growth of multi-national companies the functions of the government have been limited.
3. Globalisation has greatly affected the decision making power of the state. Multi-national companies have greatly affected the working of the states.
4. Due to globalisation present states are not working as a welfare state.
5. Privatisation has rapidly increased the process of disinvestment and private sector has become more important than public sector.
7. Liberalisation has reduced the duties and responsibilities of the state. Now states have no power to intervene in economic affairs, i.e. exports, imports, etc. Licence and quota fixation have been abolished. Free trade and free competition is fully accepted by all developing countries of the world.

Answer:

Economic implications of globalisation are as follows :

1. Economic globalisation draws the role of international institutions like the IMF and the WTO.
2. Economic globalisation shows the distribution of economic gains, i.e. who gets more and who gets less.
3. Economic globalisation involves greater economic flows among different countries of the world. This flow can take various forms : commodities, capital, people and idea.
4. Globalisation has involved greater trade in commodity across the globe.
5. Economic globalisation has created an intense division of opinion all over the world.
6. Economic globalisation has also led to the flow of ideas across national boundaries.
7. Developed countries have guarded their borders with visa policies to ensure that citizens of other countries cannot take the jobs of their own citizens. In 1991, Indian government faced many economic problems such as shortage of adequate capital, rising prices, slow development, etc. Indian government adopted new economic policy to improve the financial condition of the country. Multi-national companies were invited to come and sell their goods and services in India. Liberalisation and privatisation were encouraged. In the sphere of information and technology, automobile, electronic and processing industries, many foreign companies had set up their units in India.

Answer:

Cultural diversity is a universal phenomenon. Each society has its own culture. One culture differs from another culture. One culture does not have all the similarities of another culture. I fully agree with the view that globalisation leads to cultural heterogeneity. No cultrue would disappear due to globalisation. In fact, globalisation leads to each culture becoming more different and distinctive. This phenomenon is called cultural heterogenisation.

Answer:

Globalisation has a great impact on India and India has also exercised vast impact on globalisation. In 1991, Indian government faced many economic problems such as shortage of adequate capital, rising prices, slow development, etc. Indian government adopted new economic policy to improve the financial condition of the country. Multi-national companies were invited to come and sell their goods and services in India. Liberalisation and privatisation were encouraged. In the sphere of information and technology, automobile, electronic and processing industries many foreign companies had set up their units in India. The prices of many consumer goods have come down like T.V., radio, air conditions. The telecommunication sector has made tremendous growth. People can see many T.V. channels. Mobile phones have reached everywhere and to the masses. India’s share in the trade of goods and services in the world has increased.